If you like, I can give you a full playthrough itinerary for whatever build you finally decide on, but barring that, here's a few pointers for actually reaching that level in a reasonable amount of time. Note, I avoided Crafting in my original build so you don't have to grind any skills, and can get it all in regular play, if you do it right.
First, Race: I highly recommend Imperial, because of the Voice of the Emperor, and the Luck status. TVotE is extremely nice at lower levels when you blunder into a life threatening situation because your Sneak is so low. Imperial Luck is just thematic, since it's a recurring theme of the quest arc, and what Thief doesn't enjoy more money? Also, with the exceptions of Enchanting, and 1H, there are no skill bonus you will actually going to use. How is this an advantage? Assuming you're not going to grind up to all 18 trees to 100 for 80 Perk points, this gives you more levels, faster in the beginning to unlock more Perk Points. If you start with Dunmer, or Khajiit, then you'll have more skills in the beginning, but less point at the end of the build.
However, I'd go ahead, and follow Ralof, because in Helgen Keep, you'll have access to Imperial Swords (Steel, only lighter) more Arrows, and a free Backstab on the Torturer for a Steel Dagger. Go ahead, and pick all the locks for some quick XP. You'll need as many levels as early as possible for the starter build. Sneak shoot the Frostbite Spiders, and take their Venom, use it on the Bear, and take his Hide. You'll want to take all the Swords, and Light Armor (Not the Studded) to get some Smithy XP at Riverwood.
Talk to Faendal, get him as a follower, and train up Archery to 50. You can trade back for the money, and knock over some Bandits for more. Thief Stone, and burn up your Iron Arrows getting some Sneak XP. Embershard Mine is a good spot, and after dark, head South to the bandit camp on a shelf past some Switchbacks. If you're feeling ambitious, Whiteriver Watch, and Halted Stream Camp are tough, but worth it. Especially the latter for Transmute Mineral ores to level up Alteration, and Smithing on Jewelry which can be used for Enchanting, and/or Speech later on.
Buy Steel from Alvor, and grind up the swords, but save an Ingot for the VLD (Valdr's Lucky Dagger.) I suggest getting this right away, it's about as good as you're going to get for quite a while. Also hit up Warmaidens (2) Riverwood Trader, and Belethor for more goodies. Do some Hunting if you can get the sneak shot off, and make Leather Armor (Superior once you get good enough at Smithing.) Hopefully, this should put you around level 9, save your level 10 up for a fast recovery fighting bears, and Spriggans.
Once you're geared/leveled up, you can take a cart from Whiterun to Riften, but I prefer to hike it at this point for XP, and unlocking dome Map. Do Geirmund's Hall for the Drainspell Bow, and Amulet Fragment (Stamina) and Treva's Watch for Detect Life. Between this, and Transmute, you shouldn't need oakflesh, but I'd buy Telekinesis from Farengar for general thievery purposes. Also, don't bother with the Main Quest at all yet, you can always come back to it, but you don't want to worry about dragons yet, nor even Shouts until you get Quiet Casting. (Also, never take the Golden Claw back, RT is the only 24/7 convenience Store in Skyrim, until the quest is completed. That's worth far more than 400 gold in the long run for any Thief character.)
That reminds me, Muffle, and Calm. I said I'm avoiding the Grind, for the most part, but Illusion is a slow leveler. Regardless, you won't be getting Muffled Boots for a while, and Calm means you can take another stab at failed Backstab/Pickpocket attempts. Save TVotE for when you have a whole bunch of agro enemies that want to surround, and beat you to death. (It doesn't give you XP anyway.)
Anywhom, I think that ramble has gone on long enough, but should get you to Riften with some pretty good gear/XP. If you have any more questions, you know where to find us...